Saturday, April 20, 2013

Intervention


Once a problem has been defined, public health officials then strategize different interventions that could be implemented to prevent or treat the problem at hand.  In the case of my topic, type 2 diabetes in children, there are not many interventions in place because it is still fairly rare, but yet a growing issue.  Most interventions aim to prevent or treat obesity, which is believed to be linked to type 2 diabetes occurring in children.
         CARDIAC Kids in Tennessee is an intervention program aimed at changing the eating and exercise behaviors of elementary school children.  The program also aims to involve families of overweight/obese kids to learn about better eating habits and activity levels.  The first part of this program is nutritional intervention.  The children learn about different foods and how they affect their diet.  The second part is physical activity intervention where the kids engage in physical activity for 60 minutes.  The final part is parental/family participation in the activities.  KEY DETERMINANTS!!!!
         There are three different classifications of interventions: primary, secondary, and tertiary.  Primary intervention is a prevention strategy to help a group of people before they get into a situation that would need aid.  Secondary intervention is providing services to the at-risk group.  Tertiary intervention is helping the at-risk group after the fact.
         A possible intervention strategy for this topic can be health screenings for children aged 10-19.  These health screenings should test for blood sugar levels, blood pressure levels, and BMI.  All these things indicate a potential for being diagnosed with diabetes.  If any of the results show that they are at risk, the doctor will educate them on how to avoid becoming type 2 diabetic through nutritional education and lifestyle education.  The stakeholders for this would be the children and doctors.  The key determinants this intervention will address would be biological.  This would be mostly a primary strategy, but the follow up with the doctor would make it partly secondary because of the educational aspect.
         Another possible intervention could take place in schools.  Local governments could pass a law pertaining to dining options in school cafeterias.  School dining halls could be required to offer healthier food options and meals.  There could also be a restriction on fatty foods being sold in the cafeteria; or the unhealthy food could be eliminated all together.  This would be classified as a secondary strategy.  There is actual physical intervention being made.  The key determinants this would address would be environmental and economical.  Stakeholders for this would be the children, dining hall staff, local government, school board, and food supply companies. 
         A third intervention could be an educational program in schools.  Schools can require their students to participate in physical education classes and take health and nutrition classes. Students would get at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day.  They will also learn about their health and how to create a healthier life style for themselves.  The key determinant this addresses is environmental and social.  This strategy is educational and physical so it would be partly primary and partly secondary.  The stakeholders involved would be the children, health and physical education teachers, school board, and local governments.
         Although studies show educational programs are not always the most successful, I feel that the third intervention involving education and gym in schools will be the most successful.  This strategy requires the kids to be active for part of the day.  They are able to get physical activity in school in case they don’t get any at home.  Here, they are also able to learn about healthy lifestyles and eating habits.  I feel like once kids become educated on their health, they will be able to make conscious good decisions regarding it.

3 comments:

  1. I liked you example of an existing intervention and your summary of intervention types. Do you think all children should have their blood sugar levels checked or perhaps just "at risk children" i.e. children with high BMIS? I like the healthy food idea as it benefits all children. I appreciate your selection of education as the most effective strategy because as you pointed out it could have lasting effects. I would like to know, however, what education and physical measures schools might already have. Perhaps they already have some but could use improvement!

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  2. Hi Zoey,

    Nice work this week. You listed a very interesting current strategy from the literature, but what key determinants did it cover? You did a great job listing the 3 strategies to address our problem. You correctly pulled out the determinants and listed them as primary secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. I did wonder, where's your decision matrix? (that's the matrix we used in class where we tallied up numbers based on cost, feasibility, etc. etc.) Remember to use this in your final paper...you can just plug in the 3 interventions you came up with, then tally the numbers and see which emerges as the best intervention in this case.

    Erin

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